The Ottoman period 1672–1699

Sultan Mehmed IV and the Ottoman empire joined forces with the Ukrainian hetman Petro Doroshenko (elected hetman of Right-Bank Ukraine in 1666) in 1672 and after the Buchach treaty of October 16, 1672 the Podilia voivodeship, with Kamianets-Podilskyi, was to be ceded to Turkey; the Bratslav voivodeship and the southern portion of the Kyiv voivodeship were to be recognized as Cossack territory administered by Hetman Petro Doroshenko in Chyhyryn under a Turkish protectorate; and Poland was to pay a large annual tribute to Turkey. The Polish Sejm did not ratify the treaty, however, and war resumed in April 1673. Turkish policy in Right-Bank Ukraine led to the mass resettlement of the Ukrainian population in Left-Bank Ukraine and to Doroshenko's resignation as hetman in 1676. The Ottomans tried to remained control of the area, sometimes with help of Ukrainian hetmans: Ostap Hohol (1676–1679), Andrij Mohyla (1684–1689).

But during this Ottoman period several Ukrainian hetmans with their base in Nemyriv in Bratslav voivodeship led several rebellions (Jury Bohdanovych Khmelnytsky 1677–1681, Hrymko 1689–1693, Samus 1693–1699).

Poland managed to get the lost Ukrainian territories back already in 1699.